E-Articles - Finance

National debt is also known as public or government debt and refers to money owed by the government, w

According to USFDA, a combination product is one composed of any combination of a drug and device; biological product and device; drug and biological product

hether central, federal, municipal, or local government. Since governments represent the people, natio

; or drug, device, and biological product and fixed dose combination would include two or more combinations of drug.

Examples of combination products may in

nal debt may be seen as debt of the taxpayers as well. A certain portion of the taxes that people pay

lude drug-coated devices, drugs packaged with delivery devices in medical kits, and drugs and devices packaged separately but intended to be used together.

oes directly to paying off national debt. National debt is further categorized into internal and exter

here is enormous increase in the number of combination products entering the market in the recent years. Combination products have proven advantages but fixe

nal debt. Internal debt refers to national debt owed to lenders within the country while external debt

d dose combinations are still in the process of convincing regulatory authority on their advantages over the single ingredient formulations.

Combination pro

refers to national debt owed to foreign lenders. Government debt includes all government liabilities,

ucts have become life saving products for the pharmaceutical companies who doesn’t have many innovative molecules in their product pipeline and have been inc

such as pension payments or other payments, which the government has not yet paid. These debts may be

easingly used in the product life cycle management. Even the companies having product patents are trying to extend their product life cycle through the combi

short-term debts, which paid for within a year or less; long-term debt, paid for in more than ten year

nation products and maximize the revenues. But the companies involved in this practice are overlooking that they are burdening the patients both economically

; or medium-term debt, which falls in the middle at about five years.

How Governments Borrow Money

G

and physically. They need to rightly judge the benefits of the combination products and they have to even look at the risks involved when combining the produ

overnments often borrow that they need by issuing securities such as government bonds and bills. Count

ts. Some of the combination products were well accepted by physicians while others suffered. Companies involved in development of combination products are fi

ies who are in a good credit standing can easily borrow money from lenders either within the country o

ding difficulty in defining their combination products and facing various challenges from selecting a combination to marketing it.

Following aspects would a

r from outside sources. Further, credit standing is based on the country?s ability to pay for what the

dd to the challenges in developing combination products:

Which markets to tap where the combination products can do fairly well?
Which combination prod

y borrow based on the economic situation of the country and other income generating revenues. Countrie

cts are meaningful and rational?
Which therapeutic categories to select?
Which Combinations can address unmet needs of the patients?
Do combin

who are less credit-worthy sometimes borrow directly from commercial banks or other international fin

tions increase the patient compliance?
What would be the developing cost?
How to tackle the risks encountered during combination product developmen

ancing institutions but are subject to stricter laws and limited amounts of money to borrow.

Countrie

t?

As combination products don't fit into the traditional categories of drugs, medical devices, or biological products, the USFDA is in the process of devel

and governments borrow money in currencies for which the demand is the strongest. The euro and the U.

ping new procedures for reviewing their safety, efficacy and quality.

Professional from academic institutions, pharmaceutical industries, health care indust

S. dollar are the most common currencies being borrowed because of their popularity among investors an

y and representatives from various regulatory agencies are working out to design the regulatory requirements for manufacture and sale of combination products

d the fact that both are well-known worldwide. Both currencies are also more stable than other currenc

.

As there is an increasing trend of the combination products companies manufacturing such products should be able to tackle the problems involved in the de

es in the long run. Lenders rarely invest in other currencies aside from those mentioned because of th

elopment. They need to be wiser in analyzing the market trends and the regulatory requirements.

Companies that provide selfless information through particip

e risk of not being able to obtain the foreign currency to pay for the interest or to redeem the bonds

tion in industry events and feedback to regulatory authorities would be able to face the challenges and will be successful in developing combination products

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The interviews are completed, the paperwork is all filled out for Human Resources, and you have decided that this is the right candidate for the job. Now comes the formal job offer. Here are four tips to increase the success rate of your job offers...

There should, however, come a point of accepting that some methods just don't work - ie. cold calling - and it's time to move to greener pastures.

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