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Understanding Your Eyeglass Prescription You've recently had your eyes examined and you are ready for some new prescription eyeglasses. You were handed a piece of paper, with some numbers on it, as you left your examinatio

According to USFDA, a combination product is one composed of any combination of a drug and device; biological product and device; drug and biological product

n. You are wondering what do those numbers mean?

Your eyeglass prescription consists of lens powers needed to give you the best vision possible.

What the Numbers Mean

Your prescription will consist of numbers that represent

; or drug, device, and biological product and fixed dose combination would include two or more combinations of drug.

Examples of combination products may in

he lens powers needed to correct the vision in each of your eyes. A typical eyeglass prescription will look something like this:

OD -3.25 -1.25 x 175

OS -4.25 -1.00 x 165

Add +2.25

The first line of an eyeglass pr

lude drug-coated devices, drugs packaged with delivery devices in medical kits, and drugs and devices packaged separately but intended to be used together.

escription is, by convention, for the right eye. It is sometimes noted as O.D. The left eye or O.S. is the second line of your eyeglass prescription. The first column number is the spherical power for each eye. It is indicat

here is enormous increase in the number of combination products entering the market in the recent years. Combination products have proven advantages but fixe

d by numbers known as diopters usually in .25 steps. Occasionally you may see .12 steps but this is rare. Sphere powers are identified by either a plus or minus sign. This is a very important to know because a minus (-) power

d dose combinations are still in the process of convincing regulatory authority on their advantages over the single ingredient formulations.

Combination pro

corrects the vision problem nearsightedness and a plus (+) power corrects farsightedness. So if the sphere power of your prescription is a negative number you are nearsighted and if the sphere power is a positive number than yo

ucts have become life saving products for the pharmaceutical companies who doesn’t have many innovative molecules in their product pipeline and have been inc

u are farsighted. The larger the number the greater the degree of nearsightedness or farsightedness.

The second column of your eyeglass prescription is called the cylinder power. If there is a number in this column that means

easingly used in the product life cycle management. Even the companies having product patents are trying to extend their product life cycle through the combi

hat you have astigmatism. The same plus and minus number conventions as the sphere power apply to the cylinder of your prescription. There may be no number in this column or there may be a sph. or sphere written in this colum

nation products and maximize the revenues. But the companies involved in this practice are overlooking that they are burdening the patients both economically

n. In either case there is no power so you have no astigmatism. It is possible to have astigmatism in one eye and not your other.

The last column of your prescription is the axis. This represents the direction or location o

and physically. They need to rightly judge the benefits of the combination products and they have to even look at the risks involved when combining the produ

your cylinder power. If there is no cylinder power in your eyeglass prescription. than it cannot and will not have an axis number indicated. If you have a cylinder power then it will have an axis. This is a measurement in degr

ts. Some of the combination products were well accepted by physicians while others suffered. Companies involved in development of combination products are fi

es from 0 to 180. Only half of the 360 degree circle are used because 90 and 270 would be identical.

So if you know your sphere power cylinder power, and axis for each eye, you know if you are nearsighted, farsighted, or have

ding difficulty in defining their combination products and facing various challenges from selecting a combination to marketing it.

Following aspects would a

if you have an astigmatism.

Occasionally a prescription may have a prism power. This is usually for people who suffer from diplopia (double vision). It may be a fraction or a decimal such as 1/2 or .75. If there is a prism

dd to the challenges in developing combination products:

Which markets to tap where the combination products can do fairly well?
Which combination prod

ower it must also have a direction or a base. This is either up, down, in, or out. Prism is relatively rare in occurrence.

A multi focal prescription such as bifocal, trifocal, or progressive lens will also have an add power.

cts are meaningful and rational?
Which therapeutic categories to select?
Which Combinations can address unmet needs of the patients?
Do combin

This power is in addition to the sphere, cylinder, and axis and is indicated on the next line of the prescription. It is always a positive number such as +1.25 or +2.25. This is the amount of extra focusing power to enable re

tions increase the patient compliance?
What would be the developing cost?
How to tackle the risks encountered during combination product developmen

ding or near vision.

The last number need to complete an eyeglass prescription and fabricate a new pair of eyeglasses is the pupillary distance otherwise know as known as "PD". It is the distance, in millimeters, between the c

t?

As combination products don't fit into the traditional categories of drugs, medical devices, or biological products, the USFDA is in the process of devel

nters of the pupils in your eyes, for example 62. This is further described as distance PD and near PD such as 63/60. Distance PD is when you are looking straight ahead and near PD is when you are looking close. When you look c

ping new procedures for reviewing their safety, efficacy and quality.

Professional from academic institutions, pharmaceutical industries, health care indust

lose your eyes turn in, therefore the near PD will always be less than your distance PD. Each eye can also be measured individually. This is called a monocular PD. It would be expressed as 31/30 or 31/31 depending on your sy

y and representatives from various regulatory agencies are working out to design the regulatory requirements for manufacture and sale of combination products

metry and facial feature. An adult PD varies little with time.

NOTE: A written eyeglass prescription may or may not contain a PD measurement.

Make sure your prescription is current by having your eyes examined regularly to in

.

As there is an increasing trend of the combination products companies manufacturing such products should be able to tackle the problems involved in the de

sure you are seeing as clearly as possible. Eyes do change gradually over time and it may be so gradual that you do not notice. Routine eye examinations also screen for the silent stealers of sight such as glaucoma and catarac

elopment. They need to be wiser in analyzing the market trends and the regulatory requirements.

Companies that provide selfless information through particip

s.

Did you know that you have a legal right to obtain your eyeglass prescription from your eyecare professional? That's right. Request your prescription at the time of your eye examination or request it later, it's your right

tion in industry events and feedback to regulatory authorities would be able to face the challenges and will be successful in developing combination products

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