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E-Articles - Don't Neglect Squint Eyes
Squint eyes over the years have been looked upon as a black spot
on the human beauty. Nevertheless, it has been posing the
prospective brides with innumerable problems in matters of
matrimony. However of a beauty she might be, one look at her
eyes the boy turns her down. Such boys do not care to probe
whet
According to USFDA, a combination product is one composed of any combination of a drug and device; biological product and device; drug and biological product
her squint eyes can be set right.
Sometimes, on the other hand, people with squint are considered lucky in the society. But the Ophthalmologists who know the consequences of squint, do not think so. On the contrary, they stress the disadvantages and negative aspects of squints- as outlined below.
The two
Sometimes, on the other hand, people with squint are considered lucky in the society. But the Ophthalmologists who know the consequences of squint, do not think so. On the contrary, they stress the disadvantages and negative aspects of squints- as outlined below.
The two
; or drug, device, and biological product and fixed dose combination would include two or more combinations of drug.
Examples of combination products may in
Examples of combination products may in
eyes normally should be in a definite visual axis.
A manifest deviation of the visual axis of either eye is known
as squint or strabismus. So one eye is deviating or squinting,
the other eye takes up the visual function mainly. So it
becomes a dominate eye. Most of the time, the deviating eye
slowly becom
lude drug-coated devices, drugs packaged with delivery devices in medical kits, and drugs and devices packaged separately but intended to be used together.
es impaired functionally. Later it almost becomes
blind. This hard fact will not be known to the squinting person
unless he closes the good eye and tests for the other eye vision.
When the degree of squint is gross, it is very easy to recognise that. But when there is a small amount of squint, various tests
When the degree of squint is gross, it is very easy to recognise that. But when there is a small amount of squint, various tests
here is enormous increase in the number of combination products entering the market in the recent years. Combination products have proven advantages but fixe
have to be done to diagnose correctly the type and amount and
presence of squint.
Mainly there are two types of squint -paralytic and non-paralytic. There are seven small muscles around each eye-ball, which are responsible for the various movements of the eye. These muscles are supplied by 3rd,4th, and 6
Mainly there are two types of squint -paralytic and non-paralytic. There are seven small muscles around each eye-ball, which are responsible for the various movements of the eye. These muscles are supplied by 3rd,4th, and 6
d dose combinations are still in the process of convincing regulatory authority on their advantages over the single ingredient formulations.
Combination pro
Combination pro
h cranial nerves- which are derived
from the brain.
Whenever these nerves become weak or lose their conducting capacity, the respective eye muscles become immobile. So when the other normal eye moves in a particular direction, if the affected eye cannot move in the same direction, squint becomes evident w
Whenever these nerves become weak or lose their conducting capacity, the respective eye muscles become immobile. So when the other normal eye moves in a particular direction, if the affected eye cannot move in the same direction, squint becomes evident w
ucts have become life saving products for the pharmaceutical companies who doesn’t have many innovative molecules in their product pipeline and have been inc
hich is a paralytic squint.
Non- paralytic or concomitant deviations are for the most part, produced by anomalies of the power of convergence and divergence and the co-ordinated use of the two eyes to obtain binocular single vision. In these cases the amount and character of the deviation does not vary whe
Non- paralytic or concomitant deviations are for the most part, produced by anomalies of the power of convergence and divergence and the co-ordinated use of the two eyes to obtain binocular single vision. In these cases the amount and character of the deviation does not vary whe
easingly used in the product life cycle management. Even the companies having product patents are trying to extend their product life cycle through the combi
n the eyes are turned to the right
or left.
Before going to the causes of squint, it is necessary to know the necessity of two eyes. It is the fact that when we observe a single object with both the eyes we see it as a single object instead of two. Obviously one may ask -what is the necessity of having tw
Before going to the causes of squint, it is necessary to know the necessity of two eyes. It is the fact that when we observe a single object with both the eyes we see it as a single object instead of two. Obviously one may ask -what is the necessity of having tw
nation products and maximize the revenues. But the companies involved in this practice are overlooking that they are burdening the patients both economically
o eyes? Even if one becomes blind, the other one can
function normally - one may think.
One eye is always complement to the other eye. When we see with both eyes, the extent or field of vision is definitely wider than with one eye. Moreover, two eyes are necessary to have what we call as “ BINOCULAR SINGL
One eye is always complement to the other eye. When we see with both eyes, the extent or field of vision is definitely wider than with one eye. Moreover, two eyes are necessary to have what we call as “ BINOCULAR SINGL
and physically. They need to rightly judge the benefits of the combination products and they have to even look at the risks involved when combining the produ
E VISION” the important
aspect of this being depth perception. There are 3 stages in this
binocular single vision.
1. Simultaneous perception.
2. Fusion.
3. Steriopsis ( the one which gives the sense of depth )
The development of reflexes concerning the binocular single vision and the movements of eye m
The development of reflexes concerning the binocular single vision and the movements of eye m
ts. Some of the combination products were well accepted by physicians while others suffered. Companies involved in development of combination products are fi
scles - are not complete
until the child is 5 years. Usually this will be established
when the child becomes 8 years old. So any disturbances during
this period ( below 5years ) may hamper the relation between the
movement of the two eyes and may cause a squint.
Causes of Squint : 1. Accommodation and con
Causes of Squint : 1. Accommodation and con
ding difficulty in defining their combination products and facing various challenges from selecting a combination to marketing it.
Following aspects would a
Following aspects would a
vergence anomalies.
2. Refractive errors.
3. Weakness in the nerves supplying the eye muscles.
4. The gross difference in the vision between 2 eyes
due to any reason.
5. Patching or closing of one eye for a prolonged period.
6. Defect in the development of the nerves between retina
and the brain.
7. Her
dd to the challenges in developing combination products:
Which markets to tap where the combination products can do fairly well?
Which combination prod
Which markets to tap where the combination products can do fairly well?
Which combination prod
editary and genetic or familial causes.
Clinically, there are two types of squints - Convergent Squint- when one or both eyes are turned in, and Divergent Squint - when one eye is turned outside the normal visual axis.
Treatment :
No case of squint can be said to be ‘cured’ unless, in addition to normalit
Clinically, there are two types of squints - Convergent Squint- when one or both eyes are turned in, and Divergent Squint - when one eye is turned outside the normal visual axis.
Treatment :
No case of squint can be said to be ‘cured’ unless, in addition to normalit
cts are meaningful and rational?
Which therapeutic categories to select?
Which Combinations can address unmet needs of the patients?
Do combin
Which therapeutic categories to select?
Which Combinations can address unmet needs of the patients?
Do combin
y of appearance, there is restoration of binocular
single vision in all circumstances. Although the latter cannot
be achieved in every case, a satisfactory cosmetic result can
invariably be obtained by means of operation or surgery.
In a case of squint there may be three possible defects of function which
In a case of squint there may be three possible defects of function which
tions increase the patient compliance?
What would be the developing cost?
How to tackle the risks encountered during combination product developmen
What would be the developing cost?
How to tackle the risks encountered during combination product developmen
have to be remedied:
1. The loss of normal function of the squinting eye. This may not only concerns visual acuity but also visual localisation.
2. The loss of normal binocular function.
3. The physical deformity caused by the deviation of the visual axis. This is the defect which attracts the attentio
1. The loss of normal function of the squinting eye. This may not only concerns visual acuity but also visual localisation.
2. The loss of normal binocular function.
3. The physical deformity caused by the deviation of the visual axis. This is the defect which attracts the attentio
t?
As combination products don't fit into the traditional categories of drugs, medical devices, or biological products, the USFDA is in the process of devel
As combination products don't fit into the traditional categories of drugs, medical devices, or biological products, the USFDA is in the process of devel
of
parents but is the least important from the point of view
of visual function.
To give complete treatment, child should be between 6 and 8 years. So the parents and school teachers have a very important role to play. They should subject these squinting children for treatment at the earliest. Because an
To give complete treatment, child should be between 6 and 8 years. So the parents and school teachers have a very important role to play. They should subject these squinting children for treatment at the earliest. Because an
ping new procedures for reviewing their safety, efficacy and quality.
Professional from academic institutions, pharmaceutical industries, health care indust
Professional from academic institutions, pharmaceutical industries, health care indust
y treatment
or surgical correction done after the age of 8 years is not
complete or perfect because then we can only correct the
physical deformity but we cannot get the very important
functional part of it i.e. binocular single vision. So most of
the time in persons who are treated for squint after the ag
y and representatives from various regulatory agencies are working out to design the regulatory requirements for manufacture and sale of combination products
e
of 8 years, one eye would be stronger, other eye would be
weaker. They will not have binocular single vision - which
can give them the exact form and depth perception.
The methods of treatment:
1. Correcting the refractive errors - by glasses whenever refractive error is found to be the cause of squint.
The methods of treatment:
1. Correcting the refractive errors - by glasses whenever refractive error is found to be the cause of squint.
.
As there is an increasing trend of the combination products companies manufacturing such products should be able to tackle the problems involved in the de
As there is an increasing trend of the combination products companies manufacturing such products should be able to tackle the problems involved in the de
2. Deliberate occlusion or patching of the fixing eye so as to improve the vision of the squinting eye.
3. By special type of (orthoptic ) exercises in order to improve the binocular faculties.
4. By operation or surgery - to restore parallelism of the visual axis.
One or more of these methods or all fo
elopment. They need to be wiser in analyzing the market trends and the regulatory requirements.
Companies that provide selfless information through particip
Companies that provide selfless information through particip
ur may be needed in any individual
case.
Finally it is the dire responsibility of the parents and the teachers to detect this malady, which renders their children look ugly in the eyes, during the tender age of 6 to 8 years lest it is practically impossible to develop a squintless society.
-- Dr.H.S.Moha
Finally it is the dire responsibility of the parents and the teachers to detect this malady, which renders their children look ugly in the eyes, during the tender age of 6 to 8 years lest it is practically impossible to develop a squintless society.
-- Dr.H.S.Moha
tion in industry events and feedback to regulatory authorities would be able to face the challenges and will be successful in developing combination products
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